What is external insulation
The external insulation materials are rock (mineral) cotton, glass wool felt, polystyrene foam board (referred to as polystyrene board, EPS, XPS), ceramsite concrete composite polyphenylene stone decorative insulation board, steel grid sandwich wall panel Wait. Among them, polystyrene board has been widely used in the external wall insulation plug-in technology all over the world because of its excellent physical properties and low cost. The plug-in technology uses a bonding mortar or a special fixing member to stick and hang the heat insulating material on the outer wall, and then wipes the crack resistant mortar, presses the glass fiber mesh cloth to form a protective layer, and finally adds a decorative surface.
Another method is to use a special fixing member to fix various insulation boards which are not easy to absorb water on the outer wall, and then suspend the aluminum board, natural stone, colored glass and the like on the pre-made keel to directly form the decorative surface. The external insulation of the office building of the Bank of China, designed by Mr. Pei Ming, is the design adopted. This type of external thermal insulation installation takes time, the construction is difficult, and the construction takes up the lead time, and the construction can only be carried out after the main experience is completed. When carrying out high-rise construction, the safety of construction workers is not easily guaranteed.
2. Polystyrene board and wall casting at one time
The technology is to embed the polystyrene board in the building formwork in the concrete frame-shearing system, and then cast concrete on the outside of the wall to be poured, and the concrete and the polystyrene board are cast into a composite wall at one time. This technology solves the main problems of external thermal insulation, and its advantages are obvious. Since the main body of the outer wall and the thermal insulation layer survive once, the work efficiency is improved, the construction period is greatly shortened, and the safety of the construction personnel is ensured. Moreover, in the winter construction, the polystyrene board plays a role of heat preservation, which can reduce the external insulation and insulation measures. However, when pouring concrete, pay attention to uniform and continuous pouring. Otherwise, due to the influence of concrete side pressure, the polystyrene board will be deformed and wrong after demoulding, which will affect the subsequent construction.
We have carried out experimental research on concrete and non-grid polystyrene board one-time composite wall. The test results show that it is entirely possible to directly use concrete as a bonding agent to adhere polystyrene board under the condition that the amount of cement slurry in concrete is suitable. When we treated the back side of the polystyrene board, its adhesion to concrete was further improved (the average bond strength could reach 0.07 MPa, and the damage occurred in the polystyrene board). This technology eliminates the wire mesh frame, its insulation performance is improved, and the cost of the plate is again reduced. After the demonstration of its long-term durability, it can be promoted in the project.
3. Polystyrene granule insulation slurry external wall insulation
The waste polystyrene plastic (abbreviated as EPS) is processed and crushed into particles of 0.5 to 4 mm, and the thermal insulation mortar is prepared as a light aggregate. The technology includes an insulation layer, a crack resistant protective layer and a barrier protective surface layer (or a surface layer anti-seepage and anti-cracking two-in-one mortar layer). Among them, ZL rubber powder polystyrene granule insulation materials and technology were listed as national-level construction methods by the Ministry of Construction in 1998. This method is currently widely recognized as an exterior wall insulation technology.
The construction technology is simple, can reduce labor intensity and improve work efficiency; it is not affected by structural quality differences, and the wall surface does not need to be repaired and leveled when the defective wall is constructed, and the thermal insulation slurry can be directly used to supplement, avoiding other Insulation construction technology is due to the phenomenon that the leveling plaster is too thick and falls off. At the same time, the technology solves the problem that the interface layer is easy to debond and empty, and the surface layer is easy to crack due to the poor use conditions in the external wall insulation project, thereby realizing an important breakthrough in the external wall insulation technology. Compared with other external insulation, the cost is lower when the same insulation effect is achieved, which can reduce the construction cost of the house. For example, compared with polystyrene board external insulation, it can be reduced by about 25 yuan per square meter. This technology is used in the high-rise exterior wall insulation project of Tianjin Yunxiao New Residence. In addition, in the energy-saving insulation wall technology, the wall is made into a sandwich layer, and perlite, wood chips, mineral wool, glass wool, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam (also can be foamed in the field) are filled into the interlayer. Forming an insulating layer.
At present, a variety of insulation surface veneer bricks have been formed on the market. Among them, the rubber powder polystyrene particle exterior wall thermal insulation paste brick technology construction department once organized an expert council, and in 2004 the industry standard issued by the Ministry of Construction The powder polystyrene granule external thermal insulation system "JG158-2004" made a clear provision: the basic structure of the rubber powder polystyrene granule external wall insulation paste brick technology, that is, the rubber powder poly benzene granule insulation slurry as the insulation layer, Anti-cracking mortar composite hot-dip galvanized steel wire mesh plastic anchor bolting is anti-cracking protective layer, special bonding mortar bonding brick for facing brick, special jointing rubber powder for facing brick is the finishing layer.
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