Shanghai Silicate Institute Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Research Progress
Recently, the 1kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system independently developed by Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has successfully generated electricity.
As an important type of fuel cell, SOFC has the highest energy conversion efficiency (up to 55% of direct power generation efficiency and about 75% of energy utilization during cogeneration). In addition, because it is an all-solid-state structure, it is convenient for safety management; SOFC can not only use pure hydrogen fuel, but also can use gas, natural gas, and biomass gas, which are rich in resources and economical, as fuel, which is easy to promote and apply. The development and utilization of SOFC technology can not only optimize China’s energy structure, reduce the environmental pollution caused by traditional thermal power generation, but also drive and promote the development of related high-tech industries (especially high-value-added products for rare earth materials). Economic development and national defense construction are of great significance.
In view of the importance of SOFC, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences have started to support the technology since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, and its support has continued to increase. The Shanghai Silicate Research Institute is one of the key funding targets. In the “One-Three-Five†Plan of the Institute, SOFC has also become one of the five directions for key cultivation. Through unremitting efforts, researchers successively solved the problem of small-batch preparation of large-sized medium-temperature batteries, the integration and thermal cycling of stacks, the problem of carbon deposition when carbon-containing fuels were generated, and the matching of system components. The first domestic successful implementation of 1kW SOFC system power generation.
The system does not rely on external power heating, but instead relies on the combustion of fuel in the tail gas of the electrical stack to provide the heat to maintain the operating temperature; instead of using expensive hydrogen, it uses simple and readily available natural gas to generate electricity after steam reforming. The system design power is 1kW, using 13x13cm2 single cell, stack operating temperature 750°C, power density ～0.2W/cm2, working voltage 40V, power generation efficiency ～35%; providing hot water while generating electricity, can always use Efficiency ~ 65%.
Compared with similar foreign products, although the efficiency still needs to be improved, the attenuation is relatively fast, and the number of thermal cycles is still a certain gap. However, the successful operation of the system indicates that China's SOFC technology has entered the stage of system development and optimization. The follow-up work on the one hand to achieve the localization of electrolyte powder and related materials, to achieve the bulk production of single cell and stack parts production, but also in-depth study of the decay mechanism of the reactor, and continuously reduce the decay rate, extend the system life. The scientific research personnel will further complete and optimize the 5kW SOFC independent power generation system and strive for the development of distributed SOFC system products in the future.
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