Humic acid coated fertilizer application

Humic acid coated fertilizer is a new generation of coated fertilizer product with outstanding humic acid characteristics developed on the basis of coated urea and coated slow release primary fertilizer. It has completed industrial scale production in Beijing Aojia Fertilizer Co., Ltd., in Hebei and Henan. And Shandong and other places to promote the application, the effect of increasing production is significant. It uses humic acid and its organic hydrophilic polymer as carrier, and adds appropriate amount of zinc, manganese, boron, iron and other additives at different reaction nodes to make three series of coating coating materials under specific process conditions. , respectively, coated on the surface of three kinds of fertilizer particles of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to form one or more layers of coating film, so that it becomes a single-modified fertilizer granule with the characteristics of “controlling nitrogen, promoting phosphorus and maintaining potassium”, and then measuring according to The soil fertilizer needs to be blended into a scientifically friendly, slow-release and high-efficiency humic acid slow-release and synergistic fertilizer that is coordinated with changes in nutrient demand during the whole growth period of the crop. The technology won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award in 2010. The main features of humic acid coated fertilizers are:

A crop is only applied once

Fertilization needs to be effective and balanced. Balanced fertilization must master two balances, one is the balance of totals, and the other is dynamic balance. The balance of total amount is to achieve the total amount of fertilization, that is, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace elements, and the corresponding balance of the total demand for fertilizers, namely nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace elements. The method of measuring soil and fat, which we are vigorously promoting, is to solve the problem of total balance. Dynamic balance is to meet the demand balance of different nutrients in different growth stages of crops, and it is also necessary to “replenish when there is a shortage of cockroaches.” The traditional method is to apply fertilizers in different stages, and to apply fertilizers to meet the crop nutrients during the specific growth and development of crops. Demand. The slow (controlled) release fertilizer is based on the preset nutrient release model, delaying or controlling the release of nutrients, achieving the coincidence of fertilizer nutrient release and crop nutrient demand, and one fertilization meets the nutrient demand of the crop during the whole growth period.

Coated fertilizers are in line with development direction

The world's fertilizer research is developing in the direction of high efficiency, compound (mixing), specialization, and slow (control) release, especially slow (controlled) release of fertilizer has become a hot spot of current fertilizer innovation. Grain and cotton oil is the basis of our agriculture and the main fertilization target. Therefore, it is suitable for wheat, rice and other field crops. The fertilizers with regular fertilizer and cost-effective slow-release fertilizer will be the focus of slow-release fertilizer development in the next period.

Taken together, it is to develop humic acid slow release BB fertilizer should be one of the current stages of fertilizer development.

Humic acid-coated fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer that is developed in China based on the fact that China has more people, more multiple cropping index and low farmers' ability to withstand production costs. The Chinese people are "available, used well, and convenient to use".

Synergism of humic acid

The remarkable effect of humic acid on agricultural applications has been recognized. In terms of chemical fertilizer synergy, its unique sustained-release performance is manifested in: adsorption, coacervation and peptization, urease inhibition and nitrification inhibition, complexation (chelation) performance, and ammonia stabilizer.

The slow-release fertilizer with humic acid as the carrier is the component of soil, which is also a distinguishing feature of humic acid slow-release fertilizer from other types of slow-release fertilizer. As a slow-release fertilizer for asphalt, tar, resin, plastic, etc. as a coating material, the sustained-release material becomes a "foreign matter" which is incompatible with soil in addition to controlling the dissolution of nutrients in a certain period of time. And these “wastes” are likely to be the source of soil pollution. At the same time, as the “shell” becomes more and more refined and more intelligent, its production cost will become higher and higher, making it even more difficult to apply on field crops.

Humic acid and coating technology

The core of the coating technology is “film reaction” and “bulk structure”. The key technology is the preparation of coating material (coating liquid). "Film reaction" means that the coating material is uniformly coated on the surface of the urea particles, and reacts with urea to form a urea-based complex metal salt under the action of a small amount of catalyst, and is firmly wrapped on the surface of the urea particles, thereby effectively improving the physical and chemical properties thereof and becoming " The basis of the "flock structure", the reaction is completed under normal temperature and pressure, and the secondary processing of the new fertilizer will not increase the biuret.

“Block structure” means that after the fertilizer is applied to the soil, the coating material absorbs water and swells, and combines with the organic matter of the surrounding soil to form a three-dimensional network structure. Due to the difference in the concentration of mobile ions inside and outside the network structure, the fertilizer is concentrated under the concentration gradient. The effective nutrients in the gradual release can be gradually released for crops to be absorbed and utilized, so that each fertilizer granule becomes an open “nutrient reserve”, which is characterized by the condensation of humic acid and polymeric hydrophilic polymers. With the peptization property, the soil moisture change is used as the key to the controlled release of fertilizer nutrients, and the intelligent nitrogen release control of water and fertilizer is unified to reduce the leaching, infiltration or volatilization loss, and achieve the purpose of slow release and synergy. The light-crosslinking three-dimensional space floc structure formed by water swelling of the coating material on the surface of the granular urea and the active functional groups such as carboxyl groups and sulfhydryl groups thereof significantly enhance the floc and increase the soil's ability to adsorb nutrients, and Inhibition of urease. The test proved that at a certain concentration, the soil adsorption capacity can be increased by more than one time, and the urease activity decreased by 25.1%-26.6%. The coating materials used here are both slow release agents and synergists, and can also be degraded into crop nutrients without residue or pollution.

(阎宗彪)

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