Vegetable seedling cultivation technology in greenhouse
1 Determine the nursery time
The seedling raising time is determined according to the type of vegetables grown, the nursery environment, and the selected planting method. Solanaceae vegetables are generally raised 60 to 70 days before planting; melon crops (such as watermelon, melon, cucumber, etc.) are raised about 25 to 30 days before planting.
2 choice of seedbed
According to the type of vegetables grown (conventional class of Solanaceae vegetables) and the length of the seedling age, the size is 54cm×28cm, and the 72-hole plastic tray is used as the seedbed.
3 Preparation of nutrient soil
3.1 Matrix preparation
Nutrient soil is the basis for cultivating strong seedlings. Because the growth space and root environment of plug seedlings are very different from traditional seedlings, the seedling substrate suitable for the growth of plug roots should be rich in texture, loose in texture, rich in fertilizer and water retention, and slightly acidic. Or neutral, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio reasonable characteristics, and basically eliminate the survival conditions of pests and diseases. It is best to purchase the finished nutrient soil directly when breeding seedlings (applicable when the scale is small), or you can configure it yourself. When you configure your own, you should choose the field soil that is nutritious and fertile, and has not planted the same kind of crops (solanth, melon and cruciferous vegetables for 5 years) as the substrate, and the sandy soil is selected for the soil. When configured, organic fertilizer or fertilizer can be added as appropriate. Organic fertilizer must be fully sifted and sieved, and blended evenly; when adding fertilizer, generally 300-500 grams of urea, 2 to 3 kilograms of superphosphate, and 1 kilogram of diammonium phosphate can be added per cubic meter of seedling soil.
3.1.1 Matrix disinfection
Mainly using the method of disinfection of drugs. If you are configuring your own nutritious soil, you should first apply the medicine evenly into the configured nutrient soil before loading, in order to prevent the spread of the disease and the spread of soil-borne diseases. The main methods are as follows:
(1) carbendazim disinfection: spray with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution, spray evenly on the configured nutrient soil with a sprayer, then cover with plastic film, after 2 to 3 days Kill multiple pathogens in the soil.
(2) chlorothalonil disinfection: commonly used 600 times solution of chlorothalonil for spraying, sprayed with plastic and covered with plastic for 2 to 3 days.
(3) Potassium permanganate disinfection: disinfection treatment with potassium permanganate 0.01% solution, after plastic treatment for 2 to 3 days.
4 seed treatment
According to the existing conditions, mainly using warm water soaking and pesticide dressing
4.1 Warm water soaking
Mostly "two open to one cool", that is, two parts of boiling water to a cold water, the water consumption is 4 to 5 times the seed. Pre-soak for 2 to 4 hours before soaking, then soak at a constant temperature for 5 to 30 minutes, and then cool off with cold water immediately after removal. When soaking seeds of melons (such as seedless watermelon, loofah, bitter gourd, etc.), the seed shell is thick and hard, and it is not easy to germinate. The seeds need to be treated before soaking so as to improve the germination rate and uniformity of the seed.
4.2 Pharmacy dressing
It is mixed with fine sand with 50% chlorothalonil or 50% carbendazim and Other fungicides (0.1% to 0.5%). After sowing, it can kill the germs around the seeds.
5 sowing
The seedbed is drenched with water before planting and can be planted the next day. The seed is mainly pressed into the plug by artificial pressure, and the depth is 2 to 2.5 times the diameter of the seed, and then covered with a matrix or vermiculite.
6.1 Sowing to emergence
After sowing, it is required to have appropriate high temperature and high humidity. Therefore, in the early spring and winter seedlings, in order to ensure the emergence rate and survival rate, a small arch shed can be built after the sowing, so that the seedbed is in the environment of the shed, the temperature in the shed is 25~ 30 degrees, the relative humidity of the air is preferably 85% to 90%. Generally, about 10 days after sowing, the seedlings are released. When 60 to 70% of the seeds are emerged, the shed surface shading net should be removed and the small arch shed side film should be picked up. 3 to 6 days after emergence, pay attention to ventilation and temperature, and keep 20 to 25 degrees in the small shed during the day. When the bed is dry and white, you can choose to water it properly in the evening.
6.2 Fertilizer and water management
According to the conditions of the seedlings, the weather and the humidity of the bed soil, it is best to carry out on sunny or cloudy days. When the soil surface is dry and whitish, it is best to pour in one time. Usually, the number of watering should be reduced as much as possible to avoid the humidity of the seedbed. If topdressing is required, the seedlings can be sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea aqueous solution.
6.3 Pest Control
There are mainly early rickets, blight, late blight, gray mold, blight, etc., can be selected from 1 or 2 kinds of pesticides such as mancozeb, carbendazim, metalaxyl, and agricultural streptomycin. Rotation control; locusts can be controlled with lesbian, once and for all, and mites can be controlled with Uranus and Kruth. If the humidity of the seedbed is too large after administration, it should be diluted with ash or fine soil.
6.4 Prevent seedlings from growing
The main reason for the growth of seedlings is that the light is insufficient, and the second is that the temperature is too high. In addition, it is also related to the excessive humidity of the seedbed and the excessive nitrogen fertilizer. In addition to increasing ventilation and enhancing light intensity, it should be noted that the seeding density should not be too large. It is necessary to increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, control the night temperature, and timely seedling and planting. If chemical treatment is required, it can be inhibited by using 50% chlormequat 2000 to 2500 times. In addition, chlormequat can also enhance the resistance of seedlings. However, the concentration must be appropriate, otherwise it will lead to poor results or seedling aging.
6.5 refining
The work of refining must be done one week before planting. Requirements: In addition to sunny days, it is necessary to use shade nets to shade. In the case of yin and rain, the cover on the small arch shed can be picked up. According to the steps from short to long and the vents are from small to large, the seedlings are gradually carried out until they are not covered. Shade. 1 to 2 days before planting, you should pay attention to the weather changes at any time. It is best to do it after the sun goes down in the evening or on a cloudy day. Try to avoid damage to the roots of the seedlings during transplanting.
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