How to choose cutting fluid according to the processing method (3)
High-speed grinding: Grinding with a line speed of more than 50 m/s is usually called high-speed grinding. As the line speed of the grinding wheel increases, the grinding temperature increases significantly. From the test, the grinding temperature (working average temperature) when the grinding wheel linear velocity is 60m/s is about 50% to 70% higher than 30m/s; when the grinding wheel linear velocity is 80m/s, the grinding temperature is 60m/s. It is 15% to 20% higher. After the linear speed of the grinding wheel is increased, the number of abrasive grains participating in the grinding per unit time increases, the friction effect is intensified, the energy consumption is also increased, the surface temperature of the workpiece is increased, and the possibility of burns and cracks on the surface is increased, which requires It is solved by a coolant with high-efficiency cooling performance. Therefore, in high-speed grinding, ordinary cutting fluid cannot be used, and high-speed grinding fluid with good penetration and cooling performance can be used to meet high-speed grinding with a line speed of 60 m/s. Process requirements.
Strong grinding: This is an advanced high-efficiency grinding process. For example, in the high-speed and powerful grinding process, the grinding wheel with a line speed of 60m/s has a radial feed force of about 3.5~6mm per minute. The removal rate can be as high as 20~40mm33/mm·s. At this time, the friction between the abrasive grains and the workpiece is very severe. Even under high pressure and large flow rate and conditions, the surface temperature range of the workpiece in the friction zone is 700~1000 °C, if the cooling condition No, the grinding process is impossible. In the powerful grinding of the power type, the synthetic grinding fluid with excellent performance is improved by 35% compared with the emulsion, the grinding ratio is increased by 30% to 50%, and the normal grinding time is extended by about 40%. The power loss is reduced by about 40%, so the performance of the coolant has a great influence on the grinding effect during strong grinding.
Grinding of diamond grinding wheel: This is suitable for grinding of hard materials such as cemented carbide, ceramics and glass. It can be coarsely ground and finely ground. The surface is not cracked or notched, and a lower surface can be obtained. Roughness. In order to prevent excessive heat generation during grinding and premature wear of the grinding wheel, obtaining a lower surface roughness requires continuous and sufficient cooling. Due to the high hardness of the workpiece, the grinding fluid should mainly have cooling and cleaning performance, keep the grinding wheel sharp, and the friction coefficient of the grinding fluid should not be too low, otherwise it will cause poor grinding efficiency, surface burn and other adverse effects. A chemical synthesis solution based on inorganic salts is used as the grinding fluid. A small amount of polyethyl alcohol can be added as a lubricant during fine grinding to improve the surface quality of the workpiece. For parts with high machining accuracy, low-viscosity oil-based cutting fluids with good lubrication properties can be used.
Thread, gear and lead grinding: This type of grinding places special emphasis on the quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined surface after grinding. Generally, grinding oils containing extreme pressure additives are preferred. These oil-based grinding fluids are lubricated due to their lubricating properties. Well, the grinding heat can be reduced, and the extreme pressure additive can react with the workpiece material to form a low shear strength iron sulfide film and a ferric chloride film, which can reduce the wear of the cutting edge of the abrasive grain and make the grinding smooth. get on. In order to obtain better cooling and cleaning performance, the cutting fluid should ensure fire safety. It is advisable to use grinding oil with low viscosity and high flash point.
10 honing
The honing processed workpiece has high precision and low surface roughness. The iron powder and whetstone powder produced during the processing process have small particle size and are easily suspended in the grinding fluid, causing blockage of the oil stone hole, affecting the processing efficiency and destroying the processing quality of the workpiece surface. The cooling lubricant is required to have good penetration, cleaning and sedimentation performance. Water-based coolants have poor sedimentation properties for fine powders and are generally not suitable for use. The oil-based grinding fluid with high viscosity is also unfavorable for the sedimentation of the powder. Therefore, a mineral oil having a viscosity of about 2 to 3 mm 2 /s (40 ° C) is generally used as a honing oil by adding a certain amount of inactive wife vulcanized fat oil.
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A manual Hydraulic Pump is a device used to generate hydraulic pressure manually. It is typically used in applications where a power source is not available or where precise control of pressure is required.
The pump consists of a handle or lever that is manually operated by the user. When the lever is moved, it activates a piston or plunger inside the pump, which pressurizes the hydraulic fluid. The pressurized fluid is then directed to the hydraulic system through a series of valves and hoses.
There are different types of manual hydraulic pumps, including hand pumps, foot pumps, and air-powered pumps. Hand pumps are the most common type and are operated by hand-cranking a lever or rotating a handle. Foot pumps are operated by stepping on a pedal or lever with the foot. Air-powered pumps use compressed air to generate hydraulic pressure and are often used in industrial applications.
Manual hydraulic pumps are commonly used in a variety of industries, including automotive, construction, and manufacturing. They are used to power hydraulic tools, lift heavy objects, and operate hydraulic machinery. They are also used in hydraulic testing and calibration applications, where precise control of pressure is required.
Overall, a manual hydraulic pump is a versatile and reliable tool that allows for the generation of hydraulic pressure without the need for an external power source.
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