Tongji University develops driverless smart electric car
I once imagined that on a sunny weekend, a family of three traveled on a drive. The mother and her baby were laughing and playing in the back seats. Dad looked at the camera and kept... Hey, who's going to drive? Don't worry, the unmanned system is manipulating the car. It is able to navigate the busy roads, change lanes, turn, and stop. Even the reverse car can be stored in one step.
Imagination is not out of reach. One month ago, the subject of “Unmanned Intelligent Electric Vehicle Research†led by the expert Chen Hui of Tongji University passed the acceptance inspection. The prototype “Chunhui Exploration No. 3†has basically achieved the above functions. In order to allow “smart†cars to enter the tens of thousands of households as soon as possible, Professor Chen is still working in Henan and Shanghai these days during the “May 1st†holiday. He hopes to work together with the production companies to gradually integrate some of these functions with existing automotive products. Combine.
Light up innovation sparks in "tracking" research
"In the field of driverless cars, we do follow-up research," Professor Chen Hui has always emphasized the word "tracking." Foreign automakers began to explore this issue as early as the 1960s. Even at home, the National University of Defense Technology has developed self-driving cars that can be used on highways and complex roads; the Shanghai Jiaotong University’s autonomous driving tram project is currently Phased results have been achieved. Vehicles rely on magnetic nails embedded in predetermined roads for magnetic navigation. They have specific travel routes and can achieve passive deceleration or stop when obstacles are encountered, which can meet the needs of short-distance passenger transfer.
Is there room for driverless car research? The Chen Hui team found a "gap": In addition to high-speed roads and short-distance transfer, urban road surface can be considered as the "big head" in automotive applications, and more people can benefit from automotive electronic control technology. In addition, a large number of previous studies were mainly based on traditional fuel gas engines. Electronic control commands must be “switched†to mechanical kinetic energy before they can act on the engine. If the unmanned electronic control system is directly combined with today’s most advanced electric vehicles, remove the electronic control commands. What kind of spark will be wiped out in the middle link? At the end of 2006, the research objectives were determined.
4 "eyes" and 1 "brain"
Difficulties follow. Since there is no mature technology in the unmanned field of electric vehicles, it is difficult to determine what kind of control circuit is used by the research group in the beginning. However, the demand for cars in the metropolis is particularly high: if it is to be driverless, it must be able to switch between medium and low speeds, be able to adapt to changing and complex road conditions, and be more accurate and timely in its response to the flow of people and non-motorized vehicles.
The task force repeatedly measured and debugged and finally determined a new system consisting of 4 "eyes" and 1 "head". The first “eye†is an antenna erected in front of the car. This is a GPS satellite locator used to determine the destination and driving route of the car; the second “eye†is a millimeter-wave radar, which can clearly perceive the side The relative speed of the moving object; the third “eye†is the laser radar, which detects the distance of the obstacles around; the fourth “eye†is the probe of the visual simulation in front of the vehicle, which can help the vehicle to “see†the traffic lights and the road lines. , and even limit line speed signs. During the running of the vehicle, the information obtained by these “eyes†is continuously aggregated to the central decision-making system to plan the next operation of the vehicle.
In addition, the car chassis is also equipped with photoelectric sensors, can detect the vehicle's trajectory and the deviation of the trajectory, and also added a mechatronic chassis electronic integrated control and radar detection technology. In this way, driving is no longer a “combination of throttle, brake, and steering wheelâ€, but simplified as “defining the route + pressing the start button†- a blue and white prototype “Chunhui Exploration No. 3â€, which can be continued on a single charge. Km, the maximum speed of 50 kilometers.
Explore the beauty of science in exploration
“The driverless car uses advanced sensing technology, information technology, and electronic control technology in the car, so that the car can automatically drive according to the set mode, not only improves the safety and comfort of the car, but also helps Energy saving and environmental protection.†Experts frankly stated that integrating the more good energy-saving driving habits into the “smart mind†of the car when developing the system is the direction of the task force. For example, through radar, it can be determined as early as possible whether the vehicle in front can be stopped, and the deceleration can be determined in time to reduce the energy consumption caused by sudden braking.
Driverless car technology is of great significance, but for now, its R&D still faces bottlenecks. Professor Chen Hui pointed out that "First of all, this is an electronic product that requires reliability testing. Second, it is a cost issue. There is still a long way to go for unmanned control systems to be popularized on ordinary means of transport." Chunhui exploration No. 3 'on the only one set of electronic control system will require 1 million yuan.
Exploration is endless. The overall application of the unmanned system will certainly take some time, but if some of these advanced functions can be disassembled and assisted in existing automotive products, the safety can be greatly improved. The research group is negotiating with the manufacturers, applying the "track departure warning" system to products, and the one-click "side parking" function is also under intense development. Professor Chen Hui said with a smile: “The most difficult time is to explore the unknown and it is often better to appreciate the beauty of science.â€
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