The Ministry of Commerce held a special press conference on "Several Opinions on Accelerating the New Advantages of Foreign Trade Competition"

Ministry of Commerce Press Office
Yang Lan: Dear friends, good afternoon everyone. Welcome to today's special press conference. Recently, the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the New Advantages of Foreign Trade Competition." The "Opinions" proposes to further consolidate the traditional advantages of foreign trade and accelerate the cultivation of new competitive advantages in the context of major changes in the current international environment and domestic development conditions. To promote the transformation of China from a major trading nation to a trading power. The theme of today's special conference is to deeply interpret the Opinions. We are very pleased to invite the Deputy Director of the Foreign Trade Department of the Ministry of Commerce, Mr. Lu Xun, to brief you on the situation and answer your questions. Let me first introduce the director to introduce you.

Lu Luxun: Thank you, moderator. Dear journalists, good afternoon everyone. I am very pleased to use the opportunity of the conference to share with you the relevant policy measures of Guofa No. 9 Document of the State Council on Several Opinions on Accelerating the New Advantages of Foreign Trade Competition. Let me briefly introduce the background, characteristics and framework of the document, and then answer your questions.

Foreign trade is an important support for steady growth and job security. It is an important support for promoting transformation and restructuring. It is an important starting point for expanding openness and deepening reforms, and it is related to China's overall development. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the accession to the WTO, China has fully participated in international competition, actively undertaken international industrial transfer, and made great achievements in foreign trade. The import and export of foreign trade expanded from 20.6 billion U.S. dollars in 1978 to 4.3 trillion U.S. dollars in 2014, for two consecutive years. It is the world's largest trader of goods. However, the current problem of China's foreign trade is not strong, and there is still a big gap compared with the world trade powers. The internal and external environment supporting the rapid development of foreign trade has undergone profound changes. From the several foundations supporting the development of foreign trade, one can see that: First, external demand, the world economic growth has shifted from the long-term prosperity before the financial crisis to the low-speed growth after the financial crisis. The second is industrial transfer. From the perspective of the industrial transfer undertaken by our country, the large-scale industrial transfer led by multinational corporations before the crisis has changed to the industrial return and re-industrialization of the developed countries. The third is the competitive advantage. In the past, relying on labor-intensive and low-cost competitive advantages, the constraints on resources, land and other resources have been further increased. After the internal and external environment changes, our traditional competitive advantage is weakening, but the new competitive advantage has not formed. The development of foreign trade should be said to have entered a new normal.

In accordance with the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, in order to consolidate the traditional advantages of foreign trade and accelerate the cultivation of new competitive advantages, the Ministry of Commerce, together with the 15 departments of the Ministry of Development and Reform and the Ministry of Finance, drafted the "Outstanding Issues Restricting the Sustainable Development and Transformation of China's Foreign Trade." The Opinions were reported to the State Council, and after several revisions and improvements, they were officially released after approval by the State Council.

The orientation of the "Opinions" is guiding, directional and strategic. It is to guide the steady growth, transformation and adjustment of China's foreign trade in the coming period, promote the transformation from a large trading country to a trading power, and give full play to the development of foreign trade for China. The programmatic documents of the important role of the whole system have also made a series of institutional arrangements for consolidating the traditional advantages of foreign trade and accelerating the cultivation of new competitive advantages. We will carry out task decomposition with the relevant departments of the State Council, and decompose the tasks into various departments to formulate specific and supporting policies.

Compared with the past documents, the "Opinions" are more prominent and innovative in guiding ideology, and innovation runs through the documents. On the development goal, more emphasis is placed on the development of foreign trade from the emphasis on quantity growth in the past to the improvement of development quality. The "Opinions" proposes to focus on five "optimizations", which is to optimize our international market layout, domestic regional layout, commodity structure, business structure and trade methods, and promote the combination of goods, services, technology and capital output, and accelerate the formation. With technology, brand, quality and service as the core comprehensive competitive advantages, we will actively create innovation-driven growth drivers, vigorously create a rule-based international business environment, and actively participate in the formulation of international economic and trade rules.

Journalists and friends are very concerned about the difference between this document and the past. What are the characteristics? I want to mainly reflect six aspects:

The first is to combine new advantages with traditional advantages. The "Opinions" embodies the general tone of steady progress, taking into account the relationship between "stable" and "advanced". While emphasizing the cultivation of new advantages, it also puts forward requirements and policy measures to maintain traditional advantages. The "Opinions" proposes not only stabilizing the export of labor-intensive products, stabilizing the share of traditional markets, but also providing favorable conditions for cultivating new advantages; it is also necessary to vigorously promote foreign trade restructuring, transformation and upgrading, foster new competitive advantages, and consolidate stable growth. Basis to improve the quality and efficiency of foreign trade development.

The second is to combine the cultivation of new advantages with the deepening of reforms. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed comprehensive and deepening reforms and pointed out the direction for reform and opening up in the foreign trade sector. The "Opinions" proposes to deepen the reform of the foreign trade system, strengthen the post-event supervision of the post-decentralization of administrative examination and approval items, improve the commodity import and export management and foreign trade promotion policy system, and improve the coordination mechanism of foreign trade policies such as finance, taxation, finance, industry and trade. Through deepening reforms, we will correctly handle the positioning of the government and the market, and further stimulate the vitality of the market and enterprises.

The third is to closely integrate the new advantages with the “One Belt, One Road” strategy. The "Opinions" stresses that it is necessary to comprehensively upgrade the level of economic and trade cooperation with countries along the "Belt and Road", and propose ideas and implementation measures in deepening trade cooperation, expanding industrial investment and optimizing the development pattern of peripheral economic and trade.

The fourth is to combine the cultivation of new advantages with the innovation-driven development strategy. Implementing the innovation-driven development strategy has strategic significance for China to form new advantages in international competition and enhance the long-term driving force for development. The development of foreign trade over the past 30 years is mainly due to the low cost advantage of the labor and resource environment. To speed up the transformation of foreign trade development mode and cultivate new advantages, we must enhance our independent innovation capability through technological innovation. The "Opinions" will carry out innovation throughout the whole process, and propose policy measures in terms of enhancing the innovation capability of enterprises, building a technological innovation system combining industry, education, research and trade, and creating an institutional and institutional environment that encourages innovation.

The fifth is to combine the cultivation of new advantages with institutional norms. The "Opinions" emphasized the institutional arrangements and put forward efforts to create a fair and just legalized and international business environment for China's foreign trade development.

The sixth is to combine the cultivation of new advantages with the cultivation of new growth points. The "Opinions" put forward that on the basis of deepening the traditional market, we must vigorously explore new markets, and clarify the guidance and support for new trade modes such as cross-border e-commerce, market procurement trade, and foreign trade comprehensive service enterprises, and foster new growth points.

The "Opinions" are divided into 9 parts, a total of 32. The first and second parts are important and general requirements. It puts forward five basic principles of “deepening reform, innovation-driven, open-minded, mutually beneficial and win-win, internal and external linkage, sustainable development, overall planning, classified guidance, solid foundation and key breakthroughs”, and clarifies the new advantages of cultivating foreign trade competition by 2020. The goal. The third to the eighth part are the main tasks to accelerate the cultivation of new advantages in foreign trade competition. The "Opinions" put forward six major tasks. First, vigorously promote the adjustment of foreign trade structure, optimize the international market, domestic regions, business entities, foreign trade commodity structure and trade methods, and develop service trade. Second, accelerate the improvement of international competitiveness of foreign trade and enhance exports. Product technology, brand, quality and service level, cultivating new trade methods, strengthening the construction of regional open carriers and trade platforms; third, comprehensively improving the level of economic and trade cooperation with countries along the “Belt and Road”, deepening trade cooperation, vigorously expanding industrial investment, and optimizing the surrounding areas. The fourth is to strive to build a new pattern of mutually beneficial and win-win international cooperation, accelerate the effective interaction between foreign trade and foreign investment, further improve the quality and level of foreign capital utilization, and accelerate the implementation of the free trade zone strategy; Business environment, optimize the market environment for fair competition, improve the level of trade facilitation, enhance the right to speak of economic and trade rules, and actively respond to trade frictions; sixth, improve the policy system, deepen the reform of foreign trade system, strengthen the coordination of trade policies and industrial policies, and improve fiscal and taxation policies And financial politics And improve public services. The ninth part is the organization and implementation.

In the next step, the Ministry of Commerce will, in accordance with the requirements of the "Opinions", establish a coordination mechanism with relevant departments, clarify the tasks of division of labor, implement work responsibilities, and formulate an action plan to foster new advantages in foreign trade competition, and issue specific work plans. We will also promote and guide localities to introduce relevant and relevant measures in light of the actual situation in the region, do a good job in implementing policies, and accelerate the promotion of new advantages in foreign trade competition to achieve substantive results.

The above is a brief introduction to the relevant situation of the document. Thank you!

Yang Wei: Let's start asking questions. Considering the time relationship, please ask each reporter only one question. Please inform the media name before asking questions.

CCTV reporter: The branch director just said that the "Opinions" proposed to comprehensively improve the level of economic and trade cooperation with the countries along the "Belt and Road". I would like to ask what specific measures are there? Thank you.

Lu Luxun: In 2013, during the visit to Central Asia and ASEAN, President Xi Jinping proposed the strategic concept of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which received wide attention and positive response in the international community. The proposal of the “One Belt, One Road” strategic concept provides a rare opportunity to enhance the level of economic and trade cooperation between China and the countries along the route. To sum it up is: good foundation, strong will, and broad prospects.

First, I have a solid foundation for enhancing the level of economic and trade cooperation with countries along the route. Most of the countries along the route are emerging economies and developing countries with a total population of about 4.4 billion and a total economic output of about 21 trillion US dollars, accounting for 63% and 29% of the world respectively. In recent years, I have been in close trade with countries along the route, and the level of economic and trade cooperation has been increasing. From 2001 to 2014, the average annual growth rate of goods trade between China and the countries along the route reached 22.2%, which was higher than the average growth rate of China's foreign trade by 4.4 percentage points. In the same period, the proportion of bilateral trade between China and the countries along the line increased from 16.2% to 26%, and the proportion increased by nearly 10%. At present, China is the largest trading partner, largest export market and main source of investment for many countries along the route.

At the same time, China's products, industries and entrepreneurs have strong international competitiveness and can provide strong support for cooperation with countries along the route. At present, among the more than 500 major industrial products, China has the highest output of more than 220 products in the world. In 2014, 56 equipment manufacturing enterprises in China have entered the world's top 500.

In addition, in recent years, I have carried out all-round cooperation with customs along the country in customs, quality inspection, e-commerce, transit transportation, etc., and the level of trade facilitation has been continuously improved; we have also carried out many trade promotion activities and established several effective trades. Promoting the platform has laid a solid foundation for me to carry out economic and trade cooperation with countries along the route.

Second, countries along the route have a strong willingness to deepen trade cooperation with me. After the "One Belt, One Road" strategic concept was put forward, the countries along the line responded strongly. Some countries are working to effectively link their development strategies with the "Belt and Road" construction. Some cooperation projects have already achieved results. According to statistics, at present, Chinese enterprises have signed more than 200 large-scale complete sets of equipment for financing, and the contract value is about 80 billion US dollars, of which nearly 50% are from countries along the route.

We will encourage enterprises in the power, rail transit, construction machinery, automobile manufacturing and other industries to invest in countries along the route; we will also support light industrial textiles and food processing enterprises to set up factories along the countries with abundant labor resources and market potential, and strengthen these The cooperation of the state to achieve mutual benefit and win-win, not only to "go out", but also to "go in", to bring taxes and employment to the country, to help them achieve industrial upgrading.

Third, I have broad prospects for strengthening economic and trade cooperation with countries along the route. Most of the countries along the line are emerging economies and developing countries. These countries are generally in the period of economic development. At the same time, the national factors along the line are different, and the level of development is different. We have strong complementarity with them. Therefore, we can use our advantageous industries to support the development of countries along the route through engineering contracting and investment setting. We will also strengthen the construction of overseas industrial parks, form industrial clusters, improve the industrial level of countries along the line, and drive their industrialization process.

Looking forward to the weekly reporter: Under the new situation, what is the connotation of the new advantages of China's foreign trade competition, and what is the difference compared with the traditional advantages?

Lu Luxun: The traditional competitive advantages and new advantages of foreign trade are intertwined, interacting and mutually reinforcing. The interaction and transformation of the two advantages must be seen from the history of China's foreign trade development.

Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has increased its share in the international market. The proportion of exports to the world has increased from 3.87% in 2000 to 12% in 2014, making it the largest trader in goods. However, we should see that the great development of foreign trade is achieved by internal and external forces in the context of economic globalization. The current total export volume cannot fully and accurately reflect the true international competitiveness of China's industry and the ability of enterprises to innovate. . Compared with developed countries and regions such as the United States, Europe, and Japan, there is still a considerable gap in the international competitiveness of China's industries and enterprises. China's foreign trade has continued to grow for many years, and it is taking a rapid and large-scale expansion at a low cost. An extensive growth path for major competitive means. The traditional competitive advantage of foreign trade mainly depends on the low cost of factors, including labor costs, land, resources and environmental costs. From 1995 to 1999, the average annual labor cost of manufacturing workers in China was 729 US dollars, 1/40 of that of the United States and 1/4 of that of Thailand. The development of foreign trade relies on scaling, price, physical strength, sweating, lack of core competitiveness, lack of marketing system, lack of brand influence, and is still in the low-end part of the value chain in the international division of labor. The quality and efficiency of growth are not yet High, many deep-seated problems need to be solved urgently, and the basis of export is still not solid. There is still a long way to go from a big trading country to a trading power.

In the new era, in the context of profound changes in the internal and external environment facing our development, in order to maintain sustained and healthy development of foreign trade, we must accelerate the cultivation of new competitive advantages with technology, brand, service and quality as the core. Under the new situation, the new advantages of cultivating foreign trade competition should reflect the "four characteristics" and achieve "five transformations":

The "four characteristics", one is to reflect the stage of economic development . The different stages of development of a country correspond to different competitive advantages. In the past 30 years, China's foreign trade development has mainly relied on the support of low factor costs. Under the new situation, we should pay more attention to new elements such as technology, brand, quality and service, and enhance our position in the global industrial chain. The second is to highlight the systemic nature of the advantages. The new advantages of foreign trade competition include production factors, domestic demand, industrial agglomeration, technological capabilities, etc., as well as economic openness, circulation modernization level, intellectual property protection, business model innovation, and even The national values, culture, and history are related to these factors, and these elements systematically integrate the foreign trade competition system. The third is to give play to the leading role of industrial upgrading. The competitive advantage of foreign trade is based on the industry. The competitive advantage of the industry determines the competitive advantage of foreign trade. Under the new situation, we must cultivate new advantages in foreign trade competition and promote the development of foreign trade by promoting the competitiveness of domestic industries. The fourth is to attach importance to the subjectivity of corporate competition. Enterprises are the mainstay of microeconomics and the mainstay of market competition. It is necessary to give full play to the decisive role of market allocation of resources and fully stimulate the vitality of enterprises. China is the first major trader of goods, and we have realized the internationalization of products, but the internationalization of enterprises. There is still a long way to go. Enterprises have a big gap with multinational companies in terms of business philosophy, management, research and development, marketing networks, and services. We must promote the internationalization of enterprises and cultivate more competitive multinational companies.

To achieve five transformations. First, to promote the transformation of exports from goods to goods, services, technology, and capital output ; second, to promote competitive advantage from price advantage to technology, brand, quality, service as the core of comprehensive competitive advantage; third is to promote The growth momentum is driven by factor-driven to innovation-driven; the fourth is to promote the transformation of the business environment from policy-oriented to institutional regulation and the creation of a rule-based international business environment; and fifth, to promote global economic governance by adhering to and adapting to international trade. From the rule to the active participation in the formulation of international economic and trade rules.

This is our understanding of traditional advantages and new advantages, thank you.

China News Agency reporter: In recent years, as the growth rate of China's foreign trade has continued to decline, the contribution rate of the foreign trade economy is also decreasing. Some commentators believe that China's foreign trade role is gradually weakening. Excuse me, how do you view the role and importance of foreign trade in the new era?

Lu Luxun: Foreign trade is an important part of China's open economic system and plays an irreplaceable role in China's economic and social development and reform and opening up. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has grown from small to large, from weak to strong, and has become the world's largest cargo trading country. It has gone through a magnificent and extraordinary development process and achieved world-renowned achievements to promote China's national economy. The development and strengthening of integration with the world economy has made tremendous contributions.

The first is to promote economic growth. The annual contribution rate of foreign trade to economic growth is about 18%, which has effectively promoted the development of China's open economy and the coordinated development of the national economy. It is one of the "troika" that drives the growth of the national economy.

The second is to expand employment. Foreign trade directly and indirectly led to employment of about 180 million people, turning surplus labor into a demographic dividend, creating national welfare, and effectively promoting social stability and urban and rural development. Among them, the processing trade directly drives 40 million jobs, transforming rural surplus labor into industrial workers.

The third is to alleviate resource constraints. The per capita level of cultivated land, water, minerals, forests and energy in China is only 1/10-1/2 of the world. Imports not only guarantee the supply of the domestic market, but also alleviate the resource bottleneck of the national economic development. According to estimates, China's import of agricultural products is equivalent to saving 1 billion mu of cultivated land.

The fourth is to enrich the fiscal revenue. Tariffs and customs collection of value-added tax are directly related to foreign trade, and current foreign trade has created 18% of national tax revenue.

The fifth is to promote industrial upgrading. By participating in the international division of labor, using two markets and two kinds of resources, promoting import digestion, absorption and innovation, and promoting technological progress and industrial upgrading, China has gradually developed into the world's largest industrial product manufacturing country, manufacturing of some products and fields, The design level ranks among the best in the world. As an example, Guangdong's processing trade has been transformed and upgraded. The production mode of enterprises has gradually changed from OEM (OEM) to ODM (commissioned design) + OBM (independent brand production). The proportion of ODM+OBM production methods is 42% in 2010. It rose to 66% in 2014. In 2014, Guangdong processing trade enterprises owned more than 2,000 brands, an increase of 63% over 2010, which played a good role in promoting industrial upgrading.

The sixth is to accelerate institutional and institutional innovation. After joining the World Trade Organization, China earnestly fulfilled its commitments, continuously deepened the reform of the foreign trade system, improved the foreign trade laws and regulations, rationalized the relationship between the government and the market, promoted innovation, and stimulated market vitality.

The seventh is to strengthen integration with the world economy. As a "ballast stone" and "propeller" to promote bilateral relations, foreign trade has played an important role in developing economic and trade cooperation with other countries, forming a new pattern of China's foreign relations and boosting the status of a big country.

Practice has shown that foreign trade is an important support for steady growth and job security, an important support for promoting transformation and restructuring, and an important starting point for expanding openness and deepening reforms, which is related to China's overall development. In the context of the profound changes in the current international environment for development of foreign trade and the conditions for domestic development, we must strive to maintain the traditional advantages of China's foreign trade and accelerate the cultivation of new competitive advantages. This is to promote the healthy development of China's economy and society, and to achieve "two hundred years." "The goal of struggle and the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation have great and far-reaching significance.

International Business Daily reporter: International production capacity cooperation is becoming a breakthrough for China and foreign countries to build an upgraded version of mutually beneficial cooperation. Some opinions on accelerating the cultivation of new advantages in foreign trade competition also propose to accelerate the international capacity cooperation. Can you please introduce the relevant situation?

Lu Luxun: Recently, the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting International Capacity Cooperation and Equipment Manufacturing Cooperation", which elaborated on guiding ideology, goals, main tasks and policy support.

As one of the leading departments of the “going out” coordination mechanism, the Ministry of Commerce and the relevant departments have done a lot of work in promoting international capacity cooperation and equipment manufacturing cooperation in recent years, which is also very effective. In 2014, China's non-financial foreign investment was 102.89 billion US dollars, 38 times that of 2002; China's equipment manufacturing industry exported 2.1 trillion yuan, of which large-scale complete sets of equipment exports were about 110 billion US dollars.

In the next step, the Ministry of Commerce will formulate specific policy supporting measures in accordance with the requirements of the Guiding Opinions, focusing on the following aspects:

First, the administration of decentralization and decentralization will increase the degree of facilitation of overseas investment by enterprises. Recently, the Ministry of Commerce revised and promulgated the "Measures for the Administration of Overseas Investment", which clarified that the future management model is "reporting mainly and supplementing approval", further releasing the vitality of overseas investment.

Second, increase policy support . Make full use of our Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Development special funds and medium and long-term export credit insurance and other policy means, organically combine our financial advantages and industrial advantages, form a comprehensive competitive advantage, and promote foreign investment cooperation in power, railway, steel and other industries.

Third, promote bilateral cooperation projects . Establish and cultivate overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, and guide more projects into the cooperation zone to form an industrial agglomeration effect.

Fourth, the use of bilateral cooperation mechanisms. Make full use of more than 200 business organizations of the Ministry of Commerce in foreign countries to build a platform to help enterprises to select enterprises in important industries to connect and help them to carry out all-round cooperation in technology, trade and design.

Fifth, strengthen public services . Conduct in-depth analysis of country policies and markets, strengthen national industry guidelines for overseas investment, and strengthen security risk early warning and emergency handling.

thank you all.

Yang Lan: Today's press conference is over. Thank you.

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