Six major trends in the integration of manufacturing and service industries

With the rapid development of modern information technology, the integration of manufacturing and service industries has become the mainstream trend of modern industry development, and also the main driving force for promoting global industrial upgrading. The service industry and the manufacturing industry show a co-ecological environment of integration, interaction and interdependence, which constantly promotes new industries and new business forms, thus promoting the transformation of industrial structure from product economy to service economy, from manufacturing to service-oriented and modern production system. .

The integration of manufacturing and service industries is mainly reflected in six major trends. Correctly understanding and grasping these trends is of great significance for promoting the strategic adjustment of the economic structure, promoting the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and accelerating the development of the service industry.

Trend 1 Manufacturing service industry and service industry manufacturing become opposite industry characteristics

The trend of manufacturing service is mainly reflected in: On the one hand, the input and output of manufacturing industry show a trend of service. Research shows that the current service input accounts for about 70% of the cost of manufacturing enterprises, and nearly 70% of the effective demand for productive services comes from the secondary industry, including the intermediate needs of R&D, finance, leasing and business services, and postal industries. Higher. Since 2010, the proportion of producer services in developed countries accounted for 60% to 70% of the total service industry, and the proportion of productive services accounted for about 43% of GDP. On the other hand, manufacturing business operations show a trend of service. In the value-added structure of industrial products, the proportion of manufacturing and processing links is getting lower and lower, while the proportion of services such as R&D, design and logistics is getting higher and higher. Many multinational companies' main businesses, business value-added, management models, and profit sources are service-oriented. 20% of multinational manufacturing companies have service revenues exceeding 50% of total revenue, making them a veritable service company.

The manufacturing industry's manufacturing tendency is mainly reflected in: on the one hand, the service industry has strengthened its penetration into the manufacturing industry. The growth of the producer service industry reflects the service sectors of finance, logistics, research and development, and the manufacturing industry as the main market, and the service for the manufacturing industry continues to increase. On the other hand, the service enterprise industry chain gradually extends to the manufacturing industry. Service companies that are dominant in the value chain, by virtue of their advantages in technology, management, and sales channels, are embedded in manufacturing companies to provide services to consumers through OEM production and chain operations. Because some service companies have mastered core technologies and core businesses at the high end of the value chain, for example, R&D companies have their own invention patents, design institutions have independent innovation designs, and logistics companies have their own networks. These companies seek to capture the entire industry value chain. Value-added, using its own high-end control in the industrial chain to establish its own manufacturing plant.

The development of manufacturing service and service industry is developing, which transforms the industrial value chain into a converged industrial value chain that includes both the manufacturing value chain value-added link and the service industry value chain value-added link, and the original pure service. Compared with the manufacturing value chain, the industry value chain has a broader profit margin and growth potential, and exhibits a significant structural upgrading effect at the industrial level.

Trend 2 service outsourcing becomes the main way

Service outsourcing has become the main method and growth engine of service globalization, which not only further deepens the division of labor between the manufacturing industry and the service industry, but also greatly improves the level of service specialization, and further links the manufacturing industry with the service industry. The improvement has greatly promoted the scale, internationalization and marketization of the service industry. At the same time, it has greatly improved the productivity and industrial competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, and has become an important means for manufacturing enterprises to enhance their core competitiveness.

More and more manufacturing companies have outsourced their original self-services to professional service providers for cost-saving, focus on their main business, and enhanced core capabilities. Service outsourcing has become the main way to integrate service industry with manufacturing industry, and the two have obvious symbiotic relationship. The increasing integration of manufacturing and service industries has led to an increase in the intermediary investment in services, which has led to the development of various types of productive services around the world, which are mainly achieved through onshore or offshore outsourcing. With the layout of the global production network of multinational corporations, the characteristics of division of labor within the enterprise and division of labor within the company are more prominent, which drives the service industry offshore. In 2012, the global service outsourcing market reached US$975 billion, with a growth rate of 30% to 40%. It is expected to reach 1.65 trillion US dollars to 1.8 trillion US dollars by 2020.

Trend 3 agglomeration and matching become an industrial organization form

Industrial agglomeration is not only the common feature of the development of manufacturing and service industries, but also the main industrial organization form of the integration of the second industry and the realization of spatial integration and regional integration. All kinds of industrial parks and industrial clusters often become important carriers for the integration of the second industry. For example, in a pharmaceutical industry cluster, a number of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies are clustered, and various types of production services such as R&D, logistics, finance, product certification, and intellectual property services, as well as recreational services such as leisure and entertainment services are also active. Together, they form a service support system, provide various supporting services for production enterprises, and promote the healthy development of industrial clusters.

This kind of agglomeration and supporting industrial organization not only enables manufacturers and service providers to share resources, such as infrastructure, technology, and talents, but also greatly reduces information search costs, transportation costs, production costs, and service costs. Transaction costs, etc., have increased market opportunities for both parties, promoted cooperation and exchanges between the two parties, and shared economies of scale. In particular, it provides market opportunities for producer service companies to better embody the service economy in the real economy, enhance the value-added capabilities and competitiveness of the entire industry chain, promote regional economic structural improvement, and promote regional manufacturing and service industries. Development, drive structural transformation and upgrading.

Trend 4 The whole industry chain develops into a profit growth model

As the integration of manufacturing and service industries continues to increase, new technologies, new formats, and new management models are emerging, promoting the division of labor in the industry, and increasing the value-added links in the industrial value chain. Production, marketing, distribution, maintenance, etc., the resulting value chain process begins to decompose, integrate and restructure, the product is only a small part of the production and manufacturing process, most of the time in research and development, procurement, storage, operation, sales, In the after-sales service phase, the industrial chain is more concentrated in the productive service link. The efficiency, value-added space and profit space of these service industries have great influence on the whole industry chain, so it becomes the main factor determining the value-added and profit source of the whole industry. It is also the decisive factor in the control of the entire industry.

Trend 5 Information Technology Becomes Technology Carrier

Information technology is a binder and propellant that promotes the integration of manufacturing and service industries. Since the 1990s, under the impetus of information technology, revolutionary manufacturing methods such as intelligent manufacturing and innovative design, new formats and new business models such as crowdsourcing, e-commerce, online shopping, and online banking have emerged, all of which have promoted the industry. The integration continues to deepen and the scope continues to expand. The boundaries between manufacturing and service industries are becoming more and more blurred, presenting the characteristics of “you have me, I have you”. IBM is developing IT business based on manufacturing, and proposes to use the "service productization" approach to innovate IT services and become a large-scale multinational enterprise providing hardware, network and software services. GE conducts online sales, online design, online consultation and other services based on the B2C operation mode to promote the integration of product production and network marketing.

Trend 6 production city integration becomes an implementation form

The integration of production towns has gradually become the mainstream model for the development of modern industrial parks. When planning various types of parks, they not only pay attention to planning industry support, but also pay more attention to the surrounding living service facilities to provide a livable living environment for the employment groups. For example, various types of catering, hotels, shopping malls, entertainment, residential and other living facilities have formed a living circle around the development of the industry, which constitutes the integration of the manufacturing industry in the region and the surrounding life service industry.

(Professor Wang Xiaohong, China International Economic Exchange Center)

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