Plant growth regulators use the "Ten Laws"
There are many application methods of vegetation regulation. There are many types of plant hormones and application rules. Improper application will cause negative effects. Therefore, it must be varied according to the needs of the application, and the “Ten Laws†of plant hormones should be found:
1. Spray the solution. Solution spraying is a commonly used method in applications such as phytohormone. According to the purpose of application, the leaves, fruits or whole plants can be sprayed, evenly sprayed, and the amount of the solution is wetted by the sprayed parts. Generally, it should be carried out in the evening or when the morning dew has been dried. It should not be sprayed before rain or in the hot sun. One or more sprays can be performed depending on the length and needs of the drug.
2, the solution is dripping. This method is mostly used to treat the growth point of plants at the top of the stem, flowers or dormant buds. Using the auxin or gibberellin solution to drip the stem growth point to promote the elongation of the apical tissue is more obvious than the spraying method. This method can be applied quantitatively, the dosage is relatively accurate, suitable for scientific research, and also used in the production and breeding of some valuable trees and ornamental plants.
3. Soak the solution. This is the first method used in the cutting propagation of woody plants. It is used for indole acetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid soaking inserts to promote rooting. When processing, first pour a certain concentration of the above hormone solution into the container, the depth is about 1.6 cm, then the morphological lower end of the cuttings is soaked in the solution, and after a certain period of time, it is inserted into the sand tray to promote rooting. Solution soaking is divided into slow dipping and fast dipping. The slow immersion method is treated with a low concentration aqueous solution (10-100 ppm) for 12-24 hours, and then the insert is taken out. The fast immersion method uses a 50% alcohol solution (1000 ppm or more) with a high concentration, and the strips can be taken out after 5 minutes of treatment, and the alcohol is evaporated and then inserted. The application of fast immersion method is more convenient than slow immersion method, and the absorbed dose is relatively uniform. At the same time, it can avoid the shortcomings of slow immersion due to the evaporation of the leaves and the changes of temperature, humidity and the like, which affect the absorption of the medicament by the insert.
In addition, soaking methods are used to soak fruit and soak seeds, including seeds and seed potatoes. For example, dip the fruit with an ethephon solution to ripen tomatoes and other fruits; soak the soybeans and mung beans with gibberellin solution to promote the growth of bean sprouts; soak the seeds with chlormequat to increase wheat tillers; soak the potato tubers with gibberellin to break the summer harvest potatoes Sleeping and so on.
4. Apply the solution. This method is used for the incision of certain organs of plants such as leaves, buds, stems and branches to observe some physiological effects of certain hormones on plants. For example, the application of a cytokinin solution to one side of the leaf can be observed to delay the senescence of the leaf. The solution is applied for a short period of time and should not be used in the field.
5. Solution filling. This method is to apply the solution to the soil or to mix it with pesticides and soil. The soil treatment of hormones was first applied to vegetable crops and later to cereal crops. Some growth-inhibiting substances, such as chlormequat, F.-D and AMO-1618, are very effective in solution-filling or mixing with soil. However, the growth inhibiting substance B9 is poisoned by the solution of the soil. Therefore, B9 should not adopt this method. The effect of solution irrigating has a great relationship with soil texture. For example, chlormequat is generally best applied in loam, and clay or sand is best sprayed with a solution.
6. Solution culture. In the plant culture solution, a certain concentration of plant hormone is added, and the germinated seeds or seedlings are transferred into the culture solution, so that the roots simultaneously absorb nutrients and hormones. This method can be used to study the physiological effects of plant hormones on roots and shoots. It has similar effects to the method of solution filling, but the solution culture method can control the amount of hormones very accurately and is convenient to observe. It is a research method of physiological effects of plant hormones.
7. Solution injection. It is mostly used in woody plants by first drilling a small hole in the trunk of the fruit, and the depth of the hole is 1/3-1/2 of the diameter of the trunk. Then, the prepared hormone water agent is placed in a container, and the end of the container is connected with a fine rubber tube, and a small thin glass tube is inserted into the tube mouth. A small piece of foam is inserted into the nozzle to adjust the dripping speed, and the water is slowly dripped out, and then the glass tube is inserted into the drilled hole and absorbed by the fruit tree trunk.
When the root of the fruit tree is injected, the root of the rubber tube is selected to be similar to the thickness of the rubber tube, and the cortex is cut and peeled off, and the root xylem is inserted into the rubber tube connected with the container containing the phytohormone liquid, and is absorbed by the root xylem section.
8. Apply oil. This method is similar to solution application, but has more advantages. Some plants have waxy or velvety surfaces on the stems, stalks and leaves. The fruits are round and smooth. If treated with solution, the liquid is easily lost. It is applied with oil, it is easy to adhere, easy to absorb, and the liquid medicine lasts for a long time, generally it can be treated once. Where the plant is treated locally, the effect on the part is obvious, but after the local application is absorbed, it can also be transported to other parts of the plant to have an overall effect on the plant.
9. Powder application and spraying. Powder application is a method used in large-scale cutting propagation of woody plants. Compared with the solution immersion method, it has the advantages of short processing time and long drug maintenance time. The concentration of powder varies with different types of cuttings. Generally, the concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid powder used in woody plants is 500-2000ppm. For some woody plants that are difficult to root, it is necessary to formulate a higher concentration (5000-12000ppm) to promote rooting of cuttings. For the cuttings of herbaceous plants, the concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid powder can be appropriately reduced. When the treatment is carried out, the lower end of the shape of the cuttings is soaked with water and then immersed in the powder, and the powder is filled with the powder at the cut. In order to prevent the powder adhering to the lower end of the cutting rod from falling during the cutting of the seedbed, a small ditch can be opened on the seedbed, and the powder-treated cuttings are placed obliquely in each groove, and then the soil is compacted in the ditch.
Powder spraying can be carried out with a sprayer and also for aircraft spraying on a large scale. The powdered powder is used in a large amount, and the solution spray can achieve the same purpose as the powder spraying. Therefore, there are fewer applications in production.
10, also pay attention to the validity of the drug, such as some regulators are more stable, which is conducive to transportation and long-term storage, such as increased production. However, some regulators have a certain expiration date at room temperature. For example, gibberellin is generally valid for two years and should not be stored for too long. Some of the original powder of the regulator can be stored for a long time, but when it is formulated into an aqueous solution, it is easy to deteriorate. If the ethephon is formulated into an aqueous solution, it should be used in time. The lower the concentration, the faster the failure. After gibberellin is formulated into a dilute solution, it can only be stored for a short period of time (only for a week or so) even in a refrigerator.
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