Introduction to the layout of the main drive system of the machine tool

The layout of the main drive system of the machine tool can be divided into two types of centralized transmission and separate transmission. The main transmission system of all the variable speed structure and the spindle assembly focus on the same box body, called the centralized transmission layout; transmission and spindle assembly were installed in two boxes, the middle of the belt or chain drive, called the separation of transmission layout. Centralized transmission layout of the compact machine structure, easy to achieve centralized control, and only one box, but the transmission structure of vibration and thermal deformation. When using the back wheel drive, the belt will be passed directly to the spindle at high speed, smooth operation, processing quality, low speed transmission by the back wheel mechanism, torque, to meet the roughing requirements. 1, variable speed transmission mechanism is divided into a stepless speed and variable speed. There are the following kinds of variable speed gear mechanism: * Exchange gear speed change mechanism This speed change mechanism simple, compact structure, mainly for mass production of automatic or semi-automatic machine tools, special machine tools and machine tools, etc .; * Sliding gear transmission mechanism This speed change mechanism is widely used in general-purpose machine tools and some special machine tools; * Clutch variable speed movement in the clutch transmission mechanism is more use of jaw clutches, gear clutches and friction plate clutch. 2. Arrangement and Arrangement of Gears • Slip gears of transmission group are generally arranged on the main shaft. In order to avoid the two gears in the same shift gear group from meshing at the same time, the distance between two fixed gears should be greater than the total width of the slip gear, That is to leave a certain gap (1-2mm), if there is no special circumstances, should try to narrow the axial size of the gear. The axial position of the slip gear arrangement are usually narrow and wide two kinds, the general narrow arrangement axial length smaller; In order to reduce the size of the gearbox, both the need to shorten the axial size, but also to shorten the radial size , They are often interrelated, should be based on the specific situation to consider the overall situation, properly solve the problem of gear layout; * In the strength of the conditions allowed, try to select a smaller number of teeth and make the gear reduction gear ratio greater than 1 / 4. This will not only reduce the distance between the transmission group axis, and does not prevent the other transmission group axis distance. 3, the main drive to open and stop, brake device to open the device to open and stop the device is used to control the spindle start and stop the body, open and stop the way there is a direct open, stop the motor and the clutch open and stop two. When the motor power is low, the motor can be opened and stopped directly, when the motor power is larger, the clutch can be used to start and stop the spindle. Braking device in loading and unloading workpieces, measuring the size of the surface to be machined, tool change and machine adjustment, often want to stop the main motion of the machine tool to stop motion. Therefore, the main drive system must be installed braking device, the general can use the motor reverse brake, brake brake, brake brake.

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