Introduction to CNC machine programming
CNC machine programming (also known as CNC programming) refers to a series of programmers (programmers or CNC machine operators) who can run on a CNC machine to complete the specified machining tasks according to the requirements of the part drawings and process files. The process of instructions. Specifically, CNC programming is the entire process from analysis of part drawings and process requirements to program verification.
1. Analyze part drawings and process requirements
The purpose of analyzing part drawings and process requirements is to determine the processing method, develop the processing plan, and identify issues related to the production organization. The steps include:
1) Determine which type or machine should be placed on which machine.
2) What kind of fixture or what is the method of loading the card?
3) Determine which tool to use or how many knives to use for machining.
4) Determine the machining route, that is, select the tool point, the program starting point (also known as the machining starting point, the machining starting point often coincides with the tool setting point), the path of the tool, and the program end point (the program end point often coincides with the program starting point).
5) Determine cutting parameters such as cutting depth and width, feed rate, and spindle speed.
6) Determine if coolant is needed during processing, if it needs to be changed, and when to change the knife.
2. Numeral Calculations
Calculate the part contour data according to the part pattern geometry, or calculate the tool center (or tool tip) running track data according to the part pattern and the path of the tool. The ultimate goal of numerical calculation is to obtain all relevant position coordinate data required for programming.
3. Write a machining program
After the above two steps are completed, the obtained data can be calculated according to the determined processing plan (or plan) and the numerical calculation, and the machining program can be written according to the program format and code format required by the numerical control system. In addition to understanding the functions of the CNC machine tools and systems used, and familiar with the program instructions, the programmer should also have the process knowledge related to machining to produce a correct and practical machining program.
4. Create control media and enter program information
After the program list is completed, the programmer or the machine operator can directly input the program information into the CNC system program memory in the EDIT mode through the operation panel of the CNC machine. Alternatively, the program list can be firstly selected according to the input and output devices of the CNC system. The program is created or transferred to a control medium. Most of the control media adopts a perforated tape, or an information carrier such as a magnetic tape or a magnetic disk. The input (output) device such as a punch tape reader or a tape drive or a disk drive can input program information on the control medium into the CNC system program memory. .
5. Program inspection
The programmed procedures must be checked for program operation before being officially used for production and processing. In some cases, a part trial check is also required. According to the inspection results, the program is modified and adjusted, checked and modified, then checked and then modified... This often has to be repeated several times until a program that fully satisfies the processing requirements is obtained.
The various tasks in the above programming steps are mainly done manually, and such programming is called "hand programming." In each machine manufacturing industry, there are a large number of parts that are only composed of geometric elements such as straight lines and arcs, which are not complicated and need to be processed. The numerical calculation of these parts is relatively simple, the number of blocks is not much, and the program inspection is easy to implement, so the programming can be completed by manual programming. Since manual programming does not require special programming equipment and can be mastered and used by people of different educational levels, manual programming is still a very common programming method at home and abroad.
Automatic programming
In the manufacturing industries of aviation, ships, weapons, automobiles, molds, etc., there are often some parts with complex shapes that need to be processed. Some parts are not complicated in shape, but the machining process is very long. The numerical calculation, programming, and program verification of these parts are quite complicated and cumbersome, and the workload is very large. It is difficult to complete by manual programming. At this point, the programming of these parts should be done using a computer with a programming system software or a dedicated programming machine. The programming of a CNC machine is done by a computer, called automatic programming.
When performing automatic programming, the programmer has to do the work according to the pattern and process requirements, use the specified programming language, write the part processing source program, and input it into the programming machine. The programming machine automatically processes the input information, that is, Automatic calculation of tool center motion trajectory, automatic editing of part processing programs and automatic creation of punched tapes. Since the programming machine has multiple displays, the part graphics and tool motion trajectory can be automatically drawn. The programmer can check whether the program is correct and can be modified in time if necessary. The use of automatic programming can greatly reduce the workload of the programmer, greatly improve the programming efficiency, and can solve the programming problems of complex parts that cannot be solved by manual programming.
CNC machine programming (also known as CNC programming) means that the programmer (programmer or CNC machine operator) prepares a series of instructions that can be run on the CNC machine to complete the specified machining tasks according to the requirements of the part drawings and the process documentation. process. Specifically, CNC programming is the entire process from analysis of part drawings and process requirements to program verification.
1. Analyze part drawings and process requirements
The purpose of analyzing part drawings and process requirements is to determine the processing method, develop the processing plan, and identify issues related to the production organization. The steps include:
1) Determine which type or machine should be placed on which machine.
2) What kind of fixture or what is the method of loading the card?
3) Determine which tool to use or how many knives to use for machining.
4) Determine the machining route, that is, select the tool point, the program starting point (also known as the machining starting point, the machining starting point often coincides with the tool setting point), the path of the tool, and the program end point (the program end point often coincides with the program starting point).
5) Determine cutting parameters such as cutting depth and width, feed rate, and spindle speed.
6) Determine if coolant is needed during processing, if it needs to be changed, and when to change the knife.
2. Numeral Calculations
Calculate the part contour data according to the part pattern geometry, or calculate the tool center (or tool tip) running track data according to the part pattern and the path of the tool. The ultimate goal of numerical calculation is to obtain all relevant position coordinate data required for programming.
3. Write a machining program
After the above two steps are completed, the obtained data can be calculated according to the determined processing plan (or plan) and the numerical calculation, and the machining program can be written according to the program format and code format required by the numerical control system. In addition to understanding the functions of the CNC machine tools and systems used, and familiar with the program instructions, the programmer should also have the process knowledge related to machining to produce a correct and practical machining program.
4. Create control media and enter program information
After the program list is completed, the programmer or the machine operator can directly input the program information into the CNC system program memory in the EDIT mode through the operation panel of the CNC machine. Alternatively, the program list can be firstly selected according to the input and output devices of the CNC system. The program is created or transferred to a control medium. Most of the control media adopts a perforated tape, or an information carrier such as a magnetic tape or a magnetic disk. The input (output) device such as a punch tape reader or a tape drive or a disk drive can input program information on the control medium into the CNC system program memory. .
5. Program inspection
The programmed procedures must be checked for program operation before being officially used for production and processing. In some cases, a part trial check is also required. According to the inspection results, the program is modified and adjusted, checked and modified, then checked and then modified... This often has to be repeated several times until a program that fully satisfies the processing requirements is obtained.
The various tasks in the above programming steps are mainly done manually, and such programming is called "hand programming." In each machine manufacturing industry, there are a large number of parts that are only composed of geometric elements such as straight lines and arcs, which are not complicated and need to be processed. The numerical calculation of these parts is relatively simple, the number of blocks is not much, and the program inspection is easy to implement, so the programming can be completed by manual programming. Since manual programming does not require special programming equipment and can be mastered and used by people of different educational levels, manual programming is still a very common programming method at home and abroad.
Automatic programming
In the manufacturing industries of aviation, ships, weapons, automobiles, molds, etc., there are often some parts with complex shapes that need to be processed. Some parts are not complicated in shape, but the machining process is very long. The numerical calculation, programming, and program verification of these parts are quite complicated and cumbersome, and the workload is very large. It is difficult to complete by manual programming. At this point, the programming of these parts should be done using a computer with a programming system software or a dedicated programming machine. The programming of a CNC machine is done by a computer, called automatic programming.
When performing automatic programming, the programmer has to do the work according to the pattern and process requirements, use the specified programming language, write the part processing source program, and input it into the programming machine. The programming machine automatically processes the input information, that is, Automatic calculation of tool center motion trajectory, automatic editing of part processing programs and automatic creation of punched tapes. Since the programming machine has multiple displays, the part graphics and tool motion trajectory can be automatically drawn. The programmer can check whether the program is correct and can be modified in time if necessary. The use of automatic programming can greatly reduce the workload of the programmer, greatly improve the programming efficiency, and can solve the programming problems of complex parts that cannot be solved by manual programming.
CNC machine programming (also known as CNC programming) means that the programmer (programmer or CNC machine operator) prepares a series of instructions that can be run on the CNC machine to complete the specified machining tasks according to the requirements of the part drawings and the process documentation. process. Specifically, CNC programming is the entire process from analysis of part drawings and process requirements to program verification.
1. Analyze part drawings and process requirements
The purpose of analyzing part drawings and process requirements is to determine the processing method, develop the processing plan, and identify issues related to the production organization. The steps include:
1) Determine which type or machine should be placed on which machine.
2) What kind of fixture or what is the method of loading the card?
3) Determine which tool to use or how many knives to use for machining.
4) Determine the machining route, that is, select the tool point, the program starting point (also known as the machining starting point, the machining starting point often coincides with the tool setting point), the path of the tool, and the program end point (the program end point often coincides with the program starting point).
5) Determine cutting parameters such as cutting depth and width, feed rate, and spindle speed.
6) Determine if coolant is needed during processing, if it needs to be changed, and when to change the knife.
2. Numeral Calculations
Calculate the part contour data according to the part pattern geometry, or calculate the tool center (or tool tip) running track data according to the part pattern and the path of the tool. The ultimate goal of numerical calculation is to obtain all relevant position coordinate data required for programming.
3. Write a machining program
After the above two steps are completed, the obtained data can be calculated according to the determined processing plan (or plan) and the numerical calculation, and the machining program can be written according to the program format and code format required by the numerical control system. In addition to understanding the functions of the CNC machine tools and systems used, and familiar with the program instructions, the programmer should also have the process knowledge related to machining to produce a correct and practical machining program.
4. Create control media and enter program information
After the program list is completed, the programmer or the machine operator can directly input the program information into the CNC system program memory in the EDIT mode through the operation panel of the CNC machine. Alternatively, the program list can be firstly selected according to the input and output devices of the CNC system. The program is created or transferred to a control medium. Most of the control media adopts a perforated tape, or an information carrier such as a magnetic tape or a magnetic disk. The input (output) device such as a punch tape reader or a tape drive or a disk drive can input program information on the control medium into the CNC system program memory. .
5. Program inspection
The programmed procedures must be checked for program operation before being officially used for production and processing. In some cases, a part trial check is also required. According to the inspection results, the program is modified and adjusted, checked and modified, then checked and then modified... This often has to be repeated several times until a program that fully satisfies the processing requirements is obtained.
The various tasks in the above programming steps are mainly done manually, and such programming is called "hand programming." In each machine manufacturing industry, there are a large number of parts that are only composed of geometric elements such as straight lines and arcs, which are not complicated and need to be processed. The numerical calculation of these parts is relatively simple, the number of blocks is not much, and the program inspection is easy to implement, so the programming can be completed by manual programming. Since manual programming does not require special programming equipment and can be mastered and used by people of different educational levels, manual programming is still a very common programming method at home and abroad.
Automatic programming
In the manufacturing industries of aviation, ships, weapons, automobiles, molds, etc., there are often some parts with complex shapes that need to be processed. Some parts are not complicated in shape, but the machining process is very long. The numerical calculation, programming, and program verification of these parts are quite complicated and cumbersome, and the workload is very large. It is difficult to complete by manual programming. At this point, the programming of these parts should be done using a computer with a programming system software or a dedicated programming machine. The programming of a CNC machine is done by a computer, called automatic programming.
When performing automatic programming, the programmer has to do the work according to the pattern and process requirements, use the specified programming language, write the part processing source program, and input it into the programming machine. The programming machine automatically processes the input information, that is, Automatic calculation of tool center motion trajectory, automatic editing of part processing programs and automatic creation of punched tapes. Since the programming machine has multiple displays, the part graphics and tool motion trajectory can be automatically drawn. The programmer can check whether the program is correct and can be modified in time if necessary. The use of automatic programming can greatly reduce the workload of the programmer, greatly improve the programming efficiency, and can solve the programming problems of complex parts that cannot be solved by manual programming.
Pillow block, also known as plumber block, which are bearing housings supplied without any bearings and are usually meant for higher load ratings and a separately installed bearing.
Pillow block or Plummer block housings can be used with high-capacity spherical roller bearings or self-aligning ball bearings. They are manufactured from high-strength cast iron as standard but are also available in cast steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron. The housings have a re-lubrication facility and can be used with either oil or grease lubrication.
Pillow block or Plummer block can be 1 or 2- piece split types held together by two or four cap bolts. Most bases provide two or four mounting bolts. Most blocks are of Class 30 gray cast iron. For more strength and ductility, usually they can be furnished in ductile iron or cast steel.
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