Improvement and fertilization of old vegetable fields
2024-06-16 13:05:46
Due to the cultivation of vegetables for many years, the garden soil is aging, the soil fertility is decreasing, the pests and diseases are also serious year by year, and the economic benefits per unit area are declining. Therefore, the old vegetable fields should take the following measures to improve and fertilize.
1. Increase the application of farmyard manure to improve soil and fertility. Applying fertilizer all the year round not only has high production costs, but also causes soil compaction and loss of fertilizer and fertilizer supply capacity. Improve the soil of old vegetable fields, apply more farmyard manure, increase humus, and make the water, fertilizer, gas, heat, bacteria and other factors in the tillage layer be coordinated and unified, and create a temperature, humidity and fertilizer for the roots and stems of the seedlings. Excellent environment.
2, the choice of fertilizer, directed improvement. Vegetable gardens are not the same as acid and alkali, the fertilizer used should also be different, otherwise it will make it more acidified or alkalized. Soil pH can be determined by test strips. If the test paper is pink or red in its soil solution, it is acidic; if it is blue or dark blue, it is alkaline (test strips are available in the production data department). Acidic soils should be modified with lime (30 to 40 kg per acre) or grass ash (40 to 50 kg per acre). At the same time, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia water, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder and other alkaline fertilizers are used for orientation improvement. If the soil is alkaline, acidic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, green ammonium, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate should be used to improve the soil to make the soil close to neutral. Urea is a neutral fertilizer, and both acid and alkaline soils can be applied.
3, rotation for intercropping, intercropping intercropping Practice has proved that most vegetables, such as years of continuous cropping, not only low yield, poor quality, but also pests and diseases are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the vegetable garden should implement different rotations of vegetables (species) to improve the soil and avoid the lack of a certain element in the soil (the same fertilizer is absorbed by the same vegetable), and it can also reduce a serious pest. Occurrence and accumulation of certain harmful (toxic) substances in the soil (because the same pests and diseases of the same vegetable are the same, and the toxic substances excreted by them are the same.) In addition, the cultivation of high and low plant intercropping in vegetable fields is also to improve soil and reduce Effective ways to improve pests and diseases and improve planting benefits.
4, to maintain water and soil, contour planting Practice has proved that vegetables using film-covered culture technology can not only make full use of warm light conditions and growth period, to obtain high yield, high quality and morning market, but also prevent soil erosion. In addition, the ditches around the vegetable garden must be smoothly connected to facilitate irrigation and drainage, reduce the groundwater level, and facilitate the good growth of the root system. In the vegetable gardens of mountainous and hilly areas, trapezoidal reclamation and planting should be carried out according to the contour line, and troughing should be carried out. At the same time, we will adopt management techniques such as surface cover to prevent soil erosion, cultivate soil stamina, and strive for a better harvest throughout the year.
1. Increase the application of farmyard manure to improve soil and fertility. Applying fertilizer all the year round not only has high production costs, but also causes soil compaction and loss of fertilizer and fertilizer supply capacity. Improve the soil of old vegetable fields, apply more farmyard manure, increase humus, and make the water, fertilizer, gas, heat, bacteria and other factors in the tillage layer be coordinated and unified, and create a temperature, humidity and fertilizer for the roots and stems of the seedlings. Excellent environment.
2, the choice of fertilizer, directed improvement. Vegetable gardens are not the same as acid and alkali, the fertilizer used should also be different, otherwise it will make it more acidified or alkalized. Soil pH can be determined by test strips. If the test paper is pink or red in its soil solution, it is acidic; if it is blue or dark blue, it is alkaline (test strips are available in the production data department). Acidic soils should be modified with lime (30 to 40 kg per acre) or grass ash (40 to 50 kg per acre). At the same time, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia water, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder and other alkaline fertilizers are used for orientation improvement. If the soil is alkaline, acidic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, green ammonium, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate should be used to improve the soil to make the soil close to neutral. Urea is a neutral fertilizer, and both acid and alkaline soils can be applied.
3, rotation for intercropping, intercropping intercropping Practice has proved that most vegetables, such as years of continuous cropping, not only low yield, poor quality, but also pests and diseases are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the vegetable garden should implement different rotations of vegetables (species) to improve the soil and avoid the lack of a certain element in the soil (the same fertilizer is absorbed by the same vegetable), and it can also reduce a serious pest. Occurrence and accumulation of certain harmful (toxic) substances in the soil (because the same pests and diseases of the same vegetable are the same, and the toxic substances excreted by them are the same.) In addition, the cultivation of high and low plant intercropping in vegetable fields is also to improve soil and reduce Effective ways to improve pests and diseases and improve planting benefits.
4, to maintain water and soil, contour planting Practice has proved that vegetables using film-covered culture technology can not only make full use of warm light conditions and growth period, to obtain high yield, high quality and morning market, but also prevent soil erosion. In addition, the ditches around the vegetable garden must be smoothly connected to facilitate irrigation and drainage, reduce the groundwater level, and facilitate the good growth of the root system. In the vegetable gardens of mountainous and hilly areas, trapezoidal reclamation and planting should be carried out according to the contour line, and troughing should be carried out. At the same time, we will adopt management techniques such as surface cover to prevent soil erosion, cultivate soil stamina, and strive for a better harvest throughout the year.
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