High-yield cultivation and cultivation techniques of banana
Banana is a fruit that many friends prefer. The market demand is relatively large. Today, I will share with you the high-yield cultivation techniques of bananas.
High-yield cultivation techniques for bananas:
First, banana garden selection of bananas is not strict with soil requirements. Generally, it is better to choose banana gardens with fertile soil, deep soil layers, shelter from the wind, good drainage and irrigation conditions, low groundwater level and convenient transportation.
Second, cultivation measures
(1) Preparation before planting. The selected banana garden work procedures are: 1 large-scale banana garden, dig holes after repairing the platform; the hole size is 1500px×1500px×1250px; 2 flat slope land, paddy field banana plantation, deep ploughing land→ground soil→starting畦→Excavation drainage ditchâ†’ç•¦é¢ planning→Digging hole→Shiji fertilizer→Preparation for planting.
(2) Planting specifications. The planting is about 150-160 plants, and the specification is 200-5500px×5000px.
(3) Planting methods. Generally, it is planted in a double row into a rectangular shape. In a poorly drained banana garden, it should be planted in a single line. Colonization method: Put the nutrition bag seedlings into the hole, cover some soil, use a sharp knife to draw two knives on the plastic bag, take out the film bag, and then cover the soil to 75px on the adobe, and pour the root water. Planting should be carried out on a rainy day.
(4) Planting period. It takes about 10-12 months for bananas to grow from planting to harvesting. The choice of colonization period is the main measure to regulate the delivery period (the factors related to the delivery period are: planting period, fertilizer and water management, cultivar and market demand).
Third, fertilizer management
(1) Principles of Fertilizer 1 Fertilization a. Early application: 5-7 months after planting is the stage of vegetative growth, and the amount of fertilizer application accounts for 60%-70% of the whole year. b, diligent application, thin application, key application, high temperature, high humidity season, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied by a small amount of multiple meals, the key application of flower bud differentiation period should be heavy fertilizer. c, NPK combined with application, appropriate supply of micro-fertilizer. 2 Fertilization methods Fertilization methods include acupoint application, drenching and spreading. 3 Fertilization period, type and quantity a, base fertilizer. Apply enough base fertilizer before planting. b. Root water. After the banana is planted, the root water is poured. c. The amount of application during the growth period: the first leaf of the tissue culture seedling transplanted is the ninth leaf. Each time two leaves are fertilized once.
(2) Reasonable drainage and irrigation can accelerate banana production, regulate the bud period, and improve yield and quality. 3 months after planting, it is necessary to regularly infuse and moisturize to promote the early growth of small seedlings. In the dry weather in summer and the maximum water consumption, drip irrigation for 2.5 hours can meet the water requirement of bananas, usually no more than 4 hours. In the rainy season, drip irrigation is used for fertilization. At this time, the time of drip should be shortened as much as possible, and the general control is completed within 1 hour. At the same time, pay attention to drainage and flood control. Into the flower bud differentiation period, combined with fertilization, strengthen drainage and drought prevention. After the bud, the fruit gradually expands and the banana garden should remain moist.
Fourth, banana garden management
1. Plant management After 3-4 months from banana planting, there are more bud sprouting germinations, which should be excavated in time. After buds or harvest, the bud sprouts are selected. In the management, it is necessary to remove old, dry and diseased leaves in time to avoid causing pests and diseases.
2, cultivating weeding banana garden due to frequent irrigation and moisturizing, adequate nutrition, weeds grow faster, should be promptly used manual removal, weeds for a long time, can use 30% glyphosate wet weeding (powder) agent flushing 150 times liquid spray The grass does not spray fake stems and banana leaves.
3, the extended growth of broken buds and sparse flower buds, will consume nutrients, should be broken after the opening of the two combless neutral flowers, and should be carried out on a sunny day or afternoon. If the green leaves are kept at the time of fruit hanging, some fruits should be properly removed. This treatment can improve the grade of bananas.
4, bagging bag can improve the quality and appearance of banana. The bag should be blue film, and the bagging time should be selected within 7-10 days after the banana breaks. The upper end of the bag is tight when the sleeve is set.
V. Pest Control
The main pests and diseases of bananas include fungal leaf spot, bacterial rot disease, root knot nematode disease, fruit black star disease, and bulbous weevil. As for the top of the disease, the flower heart rot has no ideal control agent. The only control method is to choose virus-free tube seedlings.
1. Banana leaf spot disease. Banana leaf spot is a general term for four leaf spotted fungi. During the onset of the disease from May to October, the bacteria are spread by soil infection or wind and rain, and spread. The banana leaves are stained with brown long strips, elliptical spots, and green dead spots. Infected bananas slowly bud, thin ears, poor quality, weak cold resistance, severely reduce production and reduce income.
Prevention and treatment methods: The pathogenesis of leaf spot disease is high humidity and high temperature in April-May, and the young leaves of the leaves are sneaked in, and the north wind blows out the disease spots in September-October. The banana farmers mistakenly recognized the disease from August to September. At this time, it is too late to spray the leaf spot. It should be sprayed in the early stage of May when the stems and leaves are strong and no disease spots. Experienced banana farmers summed up two sentences: "No disease to spray, no disease, no fairy." This is the secret to the prevention and control of leaf spot disease----mainly. Spraying method, first spray the topsoil around the banana head, and then spray the pseudo stem and the right and back of the banana leaf below the heart leaf from the bottom. In particular, immediate spray control after the rainstorm. What kind of medicine is the most effective for controlling leaf spot? At present, experts have not demonstrated it. I think that all fungicides have an effect on leaf spot disease, not at the price level, as long as the prevention and treatment methods are correct, and the main effect is to prevent it. For example, Guangxi banana farmers use the cheapest sulfur suspension, mancozeb, carbendazim. The effect is good and very cheap. Banana heart and ear are very sensitive to pesticides. Such as rice foot green, different rice glutinous rice, add rice, Fuji No. 1 will cause phytotoxicity to bananas, affecting the buds, can not be used to control leaf spot disease.
2. Banana scab. Before and after the banana buds, many small black granules are produced on the sunflower leaves and the fruit fingers, and the hands are not rough, not the flowers and the horses are harmful, which is a fungal black star disease, which affects the appearance and value of the fruit. In the bud, spray bactericide such as carbendazim and metalaxyl. Note that the young leaves and fruit fingers should be sprayed, and the consequences of spraying should be bagging.
3. Banana root knot nematode disease. Invade the roots. Symptoms of black root, root short fat, nodulation, and nematode disease are similar to bundle top disease. Plant dwarfing, yellow leaves or chlorosis from leaves, loose leaves, leaf edges, wavy wrinkles. The difference between nematode disease and bundle top disease is that the petiole of the top of the disease has "blue veins". Therefore, banana diseases have true and false bunches. How to identify true and false, one is to check whether the petiole has "blue veins"; the second is to kill nematodes, miller, carbofuran, gram phosphorus, methyl isopram, each plant 10-15 grams in the banana head Topsoil, killing nematodes. And strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, if about 15 days later, if you have a new leaf, it is nematode disease and you don't have to dig it. If you can't take a new leaf, it is a bunch of diseases. Each plant is filled with diesel 2 to make the banana head rotten and then dig the diseased plant to prevent infection.
4, banana rot disease. The disease is a bacterial disease, the onset period is May-June or September-October. Symptoms are petal rot, odor, squeezing pus, and petiole peeling off. Control method: water the petiole and the whole plant pseudostem with "Banana Bacteria". Pay attention to the drainage and anti-dip roots and increase the application of potassium fertilizer.
5. Banana pests are mainly weevil. It is extremely harmful to eat fake stems, petiole, flower shafts and bulbs, and it is also an important reason for the typhoon banana to be broken. The weevils are the two peak periods of adulthood in April-May and September-October. In the evening, the pseudostems were sprayed with insecticides such as Bataan and acephate to poison the adult. Unsucked buds can be used to release 5-10 grams of carbofuran, Miller, and insecticide in the "head" before entering the winter.
Bananas also have pests such as worms, leaf curlers, and flower scorpions. They can be controlled by insecticides and mites such as sputum, omethoate, trichlorfon, and melamine. When spraying pesticides to control banana pests and diseases, pay attention to adding 0.1% washing powder as an adhesive, paying special attention to evenly spraying the leaf back.
6. Harvested commercial bananas are generally harvested using the following maturity: (1) harvested in January-March, maturity is 8 mature; (2) harvested in April-May, maturity is 75% mature; (3) Harvested in June-August, maturity is 7 mature. When harvesting, the fruit should be grounded, and padded with a blanket or a bubble film to avoid mechanical damage such as cutting, pressing, bumping and rubbing of the banana fruit.
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