Fruit trees are applied to organic fertilizers.

1. Organic fertilizer should be combined with chemical fertilizers. More than 90% of the organic fertilizers applied in the current orchard are farmyard manure. These fertilizers contain a large amount of NPK and a certain amount of medium elements (calcium, magnesium) and trace elements (iron, boron). , manganese, zinc, copper, etc. and biologically active substances not only provide comprehensive nutrition for fruit trees, promote their growth, but also have long fertilizer effects, which can increase and update soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, and enhance soil water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capacity. . However, due to the shortage of organic fertilizer sources, the application rate is limited. According to relevant information, only 83.1% of the orchards in Shaanxi's main apple producing areas use organic fertilizer. Among them, 42% of the orchards have insufficient fertilization amount, and the average per mu application is only 1630 kg, which is far from the actual standard of 3,000 kg. The nutrients in the soil can not meet the demand for producing high-grade fruit and maintaining a strong tree. More importantly, fruit trees need a balanced supply of nutrients. Although the nutrients in organic fertilizers are very rich, the proportion and content of NPK cannot fully satisfy the growth requirements of fruit trees. Especially in the process of composting of organic fertilizer, the nitrogen content will further decrease. If the application of organic fertilizer is sufficient to meet the nitrogen requirement, phosphorus and potassium will be excessive, causing waste; if phosphorus and potassium meet the needs of fruit trees Nitrogen fertilizer is not enough. Therefore, the simple application of organic fertilizer can not meet the demand for NPK at the same time, and must be applied in combination with chemical fertilizer.

Second, the unfertilized organic fertilizer is harmful to the fruit trees after being applied

1. Burning Roots Most of the farmyard manure comes from animal manure and is rich in organic matter. When these organic fertilizers are not decomposed, their nutrient status is slow-acting and cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the roots of fruit trees. If they are applied, in the process of underground decomposing, heat is easily generated to cause root burns (commonly known as "burning roots"). Cause root rot.

2, nutrient release and tree body need to be unsynchronized After the application of unfertilized organic fertilizer in autumn, due to the low soil temperature in autumn and winter, coupled with the orchard soil layer, these organic fertilizers take a long time to maturation in the ground. According to the author's excavation survey of the orchard that had not been applied with organic manure three years ago, it was found that some of the manure was still in its original state. In the spring of the second year, although the ground temperature has gone up, the general rains in the main apple producing areas in northern China are less than normal, and the rate of application of organic fertilizers is still very slow. At this time, the trees need a lot of nutrients to supply the fruiting results of the trees. The limited organic nutrients released by the slow-to-ferment organic fertilizer simply cannot meet the needs of the tree. At the same time, in the process of decomposing, the microorganisms also consume some of the original nutrients (such as nitrogen fertilizer) in the roots of the fruit trees, and the trees often show malnutrition. After entering the summer and autumn of the second year, with the increase of rainfall, the ground temperature rises rapidly. In the past year, the speed of ripening of Mingba was obviously accelerated, releasing more organic nutrients that can be absorbed by the trees, resulting in trees. The growth of the body is accelerated, a large number of strips are produced, the fruit is poorly colored, the vegetative growth is excessive, and the flower bud differentiation ability is poor, so that a large amount of organic nutrients are wasted and the nutrient supply of the tree is imbalanced.

3, extremely easy to attract underground wintering pests Unfertilized organic fertilizer because of a large amount of animal organic matter, it has become an ideal wintering place for many fruit tree pests, especially easy to attract all kinds of chafers (蛴螬), peach small heartworm, The ruler, the boat-shaped caterpillar, the pear flower net, etc. are extremely unfavorable for the pest control in the coming year.

3. When the organic fertilizer is piled up and used in the unfertilized organic fertilizer, the composting site should be selected in the place of leeward, sunny, and high-lying areas, and the agricultural film or cement floor should be placed on the compost floor. The animal feces in the agglomerate is broken, the straw is crushed and crushed below 5 cm, and about 3% of the superphosphate and the manure are mixed and then piled up. The addition of superphosphate is mainly to prevent the loss of nitrogen in organic fertilizers and to increase the activity of microorganisms. After the pile is completed, the surface is flattened with a spade, covered with mud for about 10 cm thick or covered with agricultural film, and the surrounding is pressed tightly to create an oxygen-deficient environment, so that it can be decomposed as soon as possible. The farmyard can be fermented in about 60 days. When the color of the organic fertilizer changes from the original gray to purple and black, the texture is loose and there is a foul smell, it means that it has been decomposed and should be applied to the orchard in time. When fully septic sheds are applied to the orchard, the outer part of the canopy should be selected for vertical projection, and the fertilization ditch with a width of 30-40 cm and a depth of 30-40 cm should be excavated, and the organic fertilizer and the appropriate fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers) should be After the topsoil is evenly mixed, it is put into the bottom of the fertilization ditch, and finally covered with the bottom layer of the soil that has been turned out, or applied to the whole garden, and then turned into the soil layer after being applied.


Source: Shaanxi Science and Technology News

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