Causes and elimination of common wounds in metal cutting machine tools (3)
(2) Pressure factors Adhesive wear-type wounds generally increase with increasing pressure. When the pressure load exceeds a certain value of the hardness of the friction pair material, the oxide film on the surface of the friction pair is crushed, and the convex points of the new surface between the two surfaces are embedded with each other. When the relative movement is performed, such a lesion is sharply increased, and when it is severe, The surface of the friction pair is glued and even killed. Therefore, when using the machine tool, the worktable and the sliding guide rail should avoid overload operation. For example, the planer, the milling machine, the boring machine, etc. are mounted on the workbench, and the distribution is reasonable and not overweight. When the machine tool is overhauled, the guide rails are quenched, which is also very effective in preventing such wounds.
(3) Temperature factor The temperature has a great influence on the occurrence of adhesive wear type. The heat generated during the friction process causes the temperature of the friction surface to rise to a certain extent, and lighter, destroying the lubricating film, causing the metal surface to directly contact to form dry friction or semi-dry friction; The fire state reduces the hardness of the material; more severely, the localized area enables the material of the friction surface to be in a molten state. These will all contribute to the occurrence of such wounds. The use of materials with high thermal stability or enhanced cooling is an effective method to prevent adhesive wear due to temperature.
(4) Factors of sliding speed Under the condition of constant pressure, the sliding speed is small, the effect of forming the lubricating oil film is reduced, the thickness of the oil film is small, and the oil film is often partially damaged due to the pressure of the moving parts, resulting in direct contact between the two metals. It is easy to cause wounds. However, when the sliding speed is increased to a certain extent, the temperature of the friction pair is increased, the lubricating oil film is easily broken, and the scratch is easily caused. Therefore, selecting a suitable sliding speed can reduce the tendency of the adhesive wear type to be scratched.
(5) Factors of surface roughness Generally speaking, the smaller the surface roughness of the friction pair, the greater the resistance to anti-adhesive wear-type grinding. The appropriate reduction of surface roughness can prevent such grinding, and is often used for new machine tools. Gradually loading the running-in operation, the purpose is to reduce the surface roughness to reduce the early occurrence of adhesive wear-type wounds. However, the surface roughness of the friction pair is lowered too low, the lubricant cannot be stored between the friction surfaces, and it is easy to cause scratches. Therefore, when the pattern on the machine guide rail is worn, when the machine tool is maintained, the pattern is often scraped again. The purpose is to facilitate oil storage and prevent wounding.
(6) Material factors Brittle materials have stronger anti-adhesive wear resistance than plastic materials; friction pairs composed of materials with higher mutual solubility are more likely to produce wear-type wounds than friction pairs composed of materials with less miscibility; A friction pair composed of a non-metal has a smaller tendency to produce such a shot than a friction pair composed of two metals. When repairing the machine tool, the non-metallic coating can be used to repair the slide rails, the shaft and the sleeve are made of different materials, or the surface is processed by the shaft to reduce the occurrence of adhesive wear-type flaws.
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