Baota District, Shaanxi: Technical points for prevention and control of pests and diseases before fruit germination
According to a recent investigation by the plant protection station in Baota District, Yan'an City, diseases such as apple tree rot have occurred and expanded in the fruit area, and many wintering insect pests such as leaf mites, locusts, leaf moths, scale insects and pear hibiscus are about to occur. The prevention and control of pests before the germination of fruit trees is the first pass for prevention and control throughout the year. Doing a good job at this stage can kill the overwintering pests and diseases in time, effectively lowering the number and occurrence of pests and diseases throughout the year, and reducing the pressure of pest control in the middle and late stages. Important role.
First, implement agricultural control measures. If the orchard, which has not been pruned and cleared in the winter before the winter, we must seize the time and earnestly implement agricultural measures such as “cutting, scraping and clearingâ€. First, combined with fruit tree pruning, cut off the branches of pests and diseases, and cut off the branches with insects, wormholes, eggs, and weak and severe disease. Cut the slash, wound, etc. in time to protect the body with mud or thiazolone. The second is to scrape the old and old skin, scrape off the skin, the skin and the branches of the fruit tree below the bifurcation, dry rot and other diseases, scraping the plastic film under the tree, scraping the rough old skin, disease The belt came out of the orchard and burned intensively. The third is to clean the garden, the dead branches of the tree, the dead fruits of the pests and diseases, the remaining bagging and other sundries, as well as the cuts, scraped litter, rough old skin, diseased insects, weeds on the ground in the orchard. Everything that may provide wintering places for pests and diseases, such as fruit and fruit waste, completely clean out the orchard and burn it intensively. At the same time, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in the orchard and promote the restoration of the tree.
Second, cure the rot disease spots. Carefully inspect the entire park and completely scrape the rot disease spots found. When scraping, the discolored tissue of the diseased part and the connected skin tissue of about 5 mm are carefully scraped, deep into the xylem, and even the green cut is established, and the fusiform edge is neat and smooth, which is conducive to the healing of the lesion. When scraping, lay a plastic sheet under the tree, and all the scraped scraps should be taken out of the garden to prevent the spread of the bacteria. The scraped lesions should be coated with thiamoxystrobin, sputum, thiophanate-methyl, etc. in a timely manner, and then coated once a week to prevent recurrence. The main lesion or the main branch that exceeds 1/4 of the tree body should be bridged and rejuvenated in time.
Third, the pharmacy clear garden. The Pharmacy Clearing House has to grasp two points. The first is to grasp the appropriate period of application. The key period of application is that when the apple tree big leaf buds are green, it is usually the most important before the germination of the fruit trees in mid-March. The application is too early, the pests and diseases are not out of the way, and the effect is not achieved; the application is too late, the shoots and flower buds may be harmed by pests and diseases, and even the medicament may cause phytotoxicity to the shoots and flower buds. Therefore, according to the climate of the fruit area and the phenological period of the fruit trees, the specific application time should be determined according to local conditions. The second is to choose a suitable high-efficiency, low-toxic drug variety. Spray 3-5 wave of sulphur sulphur mixture in the whole garden, or use a mixture of insecticide and fungicide. The insecticide can be selected from chlorpyrifos or acetamiprid. The fungicide can be selected from thiazolone or carbendazim. When the number of leafhoppers is large, it is necessary to add acaricides such as 哒螨çµ, and mix them according to the appropriate amount to spray the whole tree carefully to kill the pathogens and wintering pests on the surface of the branches and the shallow layers of the bark. When applying the medicine, it should be comprehensive, meticulous and thoughtful to ensure the amount of liquid applied.
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